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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean CLKs' awareness and capacity to tap into the benefits of relationships and learner-internal elements, were important. For instance the RIs of TS and ZL both have cited their relationships with their local professors as a significant factor in their decision to avoid criticising the strictness of a professor (see example 2). This article reviews all local pragmatic research on Korean published until 2020. It focuses on pragmatic fundamental topics like: Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs) The discourse completion test (DCT) is widely used in research that is based on pragmatic principles. It has numerous advantages, but it also has some disadvantages. For instance, the DCT cannot account for cultural and individual differences in communication. Additionally the DCT is susceptible to bias and could lead to overgeneralizations. As a result, it must be carefully analyzed prior to using it for research or assessment purposes. Despite its limitations, the DCT can be a valuable tool for investigating the relationship between prosody and information structure in non-native speakers. Its ability to use two or more stages to alter social variables that affect politeness could be a benefit. This feature can help researchers study the role of prosody in communicating across cultural contexts, which is a major issue in cross-cultural pragmatics. In the field linguistics, DCT is one of the most useful tools to analyze the communication habits of learners. It can be used to study various issues, including the manner of speaking, turn-taking and the choices made in lexical use. It can also be used to assess the phonological complexity of learners their speech. A recent study used an DCT to assess EFL students' ability to resist. Participants were given a set of scenarios to choose from, and then asked to choose the appropriate response. The authors found that the DCT was more effective than other measures to stop people from refusing that included a questionnaire as well as video recordings. However, the researchers warned that the DCT should be employed with caution and include other types of methods for collecting data. DCTs can be designed with specific language requirements, like form and content. These criteria are intuitive and is based on the assumptions made by the test developers. They are not always accurate and may misrepresent how ELF learners actually reject requests in real-world interactions. This issue calls for further studies of different methods to assess refusal competence. A recent study has compared DCT responses to requests submitted by students through email with the responses gathered from an oral DCT. The results revealed that DCT encouraged more direct and traditionally form-based requests and a lower use of hints than email data did. Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs) This study examined Chinese learners making pragmatic choices when using Korean. It employed various tools for experimentation such as Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions, and Refusal Interviews. Participants were 46 CLKs of upper-intermediate level who responded to MQs, DCTs, and RIs. They were also asked to provide reflections on their evaluations and refusals in RIs. The results revealed that CLKs frequently chose to resist native Korean pragmatic norms. Their decisions were influenced by four factors such as their personality and multilingual identities, their current life experiences, as well as their relationship affordances. These findings have implications for L2 Korean assessment and teaching. The MQ data was analyzed in order to determine the participants' actual choices. The data was categorized according Ishihara (2010)'s definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, we compared the selections with their linguistic performance using DCTs in order to determine if they were indicative of resistance to pragmatics. Additionally, the participants were asked to explain their choice of pragmatic behavior in a particular situation. The results of the MQs and DCTs were then analysed using descriptive statistics and z-tests. The CLKs were discovered to employ euphemistic phrases such as “sorry” or “thank you”. This was probably due to their lack of familiarity with the target languages, which led to an inadequate knowledge of korean's pragmatic norms. The results revealed that CLKs' preferences to diverge from L1 and 2 norms or to be more convergent towards L1 varied depending on the DCT situations. For example, in Situation 3 and 12, the CLKs preferred to diverge from both L1 as well as L2 pragmatic norms, whereas in Situation 14 they favored a convergence to L1 norms. The RIs revealed that CLKs were aware of their pragmatic resistance to each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted in a one-to-one manner within two days of the participants had completed the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribed, and then coded by two independent coders. Coding was an iterative process in which the coders listened and discussed each transcript. The results of coding were contrasted with the original RI transcripts, which gave an indication of how well the RIs accurately portrayed the core behavior. Interviews with Refusal The central question in pragmatic research is: Why do certain learners choose not to accept native-speaker norms? A recent study attempted to answer this question employing a variety of research instruments, including DCTs, MQs, and RIs. The participants were comprised of 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. Participants were required to complete the DCTs and MQs in their L1 or their L2. Then, they were invited to a RI where they were asked to think about their responses to the DCT situations. The results showed that CLKs, on average, did not conform to the norms of native speakers in more than 40 percent of their responses. They did this even though they were able to create patterns that resembled native speakers. Furthermore, they were clearly aware of their pragmatic resistance. They attributed their decisions to learner-internal factors like their identities, personalities and identities that are multilingual, as well as ongoing life experiences. They also spoke of external factors, such as relationships and benefits. For 프라그마틱 무료게임 , they outlined how their relationships with professors led to more relaxed performance with respect to the intercultural and linguistic rules of their university. The interviewees expressed their concern about the social pressures and penalties they could be subject to in the event that their local social norms were violated. They were concerned that their native interlocutors might perceive them as “foreignersand consider them unintelligent. This concern was similar in nature to the concerns expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009). These findings suggest that native-speakers' pragmatic norms are not the default preference for Korean learners. They could still be useful as a model for official Korean proficiency tests. However, it is prudent for future researchers to revisit their usefulness in particular situations and in different cultural contexts. This will allow them to better understand the effect of different cultural contexts on the classroom behavior and interactions of students in L2. Additionally it will assist educators to create more effective methods for teaching and testing korea pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi is principal advisor at Stratways Group, a geopolitical risk consultancy based out of Seoul. Case Studies The case study method is a research method that focuses on deep, participatory investigations to investigate a specific topic. This method makes use of multiple data sources like documents, interviews, and observations, to prove its findings. This kind of research is useful when analyzing specific or complex subjects that are difficult to quantify using other methods. The first step in the case study is to define the subject and the goals of the study. This will help determine which aspects of the subject matter are essential to study and which could be left out. It is also helpful to study the literature that is relevant to the topic to gain a better knowledge of the subject and place the case within a wider theoretical framework. This study was conducted on an open source platform such as the KMMLU leaderboard [50] and its benchmarks that are specific to Korea, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the test revealed that the L2 Korean students were particularly susceptible to native models. They tended to select wrong answers that were literal interpretations of the prompts, deviating from precise pragmatic inference. They also exhibited an unnatural tendency to add their own text, or “garbage,” to their responses, which further hampered their quality of response. Moreover, the participants of this case study were L2 Korean learners who had achieved level 4 on the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) in their second or third year of university and were hoping to achieve level 6 for their next test. They were asked questions about their WTC/SPCC, pragmatic awareness and understanding and their perception of the world. The interviewees were presented two situations, each involving a hypothetical interaction with their co-workers and were asked to choose one of the following strategies when making a request. Interviewees were then asked to justify their decision. Most participants attributed their pragmatic opposition to their personality. TS for instance said she was difficult to get along with and was hesitant to ask about the wellbeing of her colleague when they had a lot of work, even though she believed native Koreans would.